The Great "O" Antiphons

The Great "O" Antiphons are traditionally prayed on successive evenings starting on December 17th and ending on the 23rd, in the period known as the Octave before Christmas.

Each antiphon begins with the acclamation "O", addressing Christ by one of His messianic titles from the Old Testament, and ends with a plea for His coming. Also, each antiphon refers to Isaiah's prophecies (below each antiphon) of the coming of the Messiah.

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O Sapientia: "O Wisdom, O holy Word of God, you govern all creation with your strong yet tender care. Come and show your people the way to salvation."

"The spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: a spirit of wisdom and of understanding, a spirit of counsel and of strength, a spirit of knowledge and fear of the Lord, and his delight shall be the fear of the Lord." (Isaiah: 11:2-3), and "Wonderful is His counsel and great is His wisdom." (Isaiah 28:29).

O Adonai: "O sacred Lord of ancient Israel, who showed yourself to Moses in the burning bush, who gave him the holy law on Sinai mountain: come, stretch out your mighty hand to set us free."

"But He shall judge the poor with justice, and decide aright for the land’s afflicted. He shall strike the ruthless with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he shall slay the wicked. Justice shall be the band around his waist, and faithfulness a belt upon his hips." (Isaiah 11:4-5); and "Indeed the Lord will be there with us, majestic; yes the Lord our judge, the Lord our lawgiver, the Lord our king, he it is who will save us." (Isaiah 33:22).

O Radix Jesse: "O Flower of Jesse’s stem, you have been raised up as a sign for all peoples; kings stand silent in your presence; the nations bow down in worship before you. Come, let nothing keep you from coming to our aid."

"But a shoot shall sprout from the stump of Jesse, and from his roots a bud shall blossom." (Isaiah 11:1), and "On that day, the root of Jesse, set up as a signal for the nations, the Gentiles shall seek out, for his dwelling shall be glorious." (Isaiah 11:10). Also, Jesse was the father of King David, and Micah had prophesied that the Messiah would be of the house and lineage of David and be born in David’s city, Bethlehem (Micah 5:1).

O Clavis David: "O Key of David, O royal Power of Israel controlling at your will the gate of Heaven: Come, break down the prison walls of death for those who dwell in darkness and the shadow of death; and lead your captive people into freedom."

"I will place the Key of the House of David on His shoulder; when he opens, no one will shut, when he shuts, no one will open." (Isaiah 22:22), and "His dominion is vast and forever peaceful, from David’s throne, and over His kingdom, which he confirms and sustains by judgment and justice, both now and forever." (Isaiah 9:6).

O Oriens: "O Radiant Dawn, splendor of eternal light, sun of justice: come, shine on those who dwell in darkness and the shadow of death."

"The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; upon those who dwelt in the land of gloom a light has shown." (Isaiah 9:1).

O Rex Gentium: "O King of all the nations, the only joy of every human heart; O Keystone of the mighty arch of man, come and save the creature you fashioned from the dust."

"For a child is born to us, a son is given us; upon his shoulder dominion rests. They name him Wonder-Counselor, God-Hero, Father-Forever, Prince of Peace." (Isaiah 9:5), and "He shall judge between the nations, and impose terms on many peoples. They shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; one nation shall not raise the sword against another, nor shall they train for war again." (Isaiah 2:4).

O Emmanuel: "O Emmanuel, king and lawgiver, desire of the nations, Savior of all people, come and set us free, Lord our God."

"The Lord himself will give you this sign: the Virgin shall be with child, and bear a son, and shall name him Emmanuel." (Isaiah 7:14).